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Eclectic Wicca: A Guide for the Modern Witch (Eclectic Witch, Book on Witchcraft)

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The Threefold Law was an interpretation of Wiccan ideas and ritual, made by Monique Wilson [84] and further popularised by Raymond Buckland, in his books on Wicca. Subsequently, when Wicca was first developing in the 1930s through to the 1960s, many of the early groups, such as Robert Cochrane's Clan of Tubal Cain and Gerald Gardner's Bricket Wood coven adopted the commemoration of these four Sabbats as described by Murray. Subsequent, more overtly pagan self-initiation rituals have since been published in books designed for solitary Wiccans by authors like Doreen Valiente, Scott Cunningham and Silver RavenWolf. Similarly, the scholar of religion Geoffrey Samuel noted that Wiccans devote "a perhaps surprising amount of attention to darkness and death.

The five elements are symbolised by the five points of the pentagram, the most-used symbol of Wicca. Using the word "Witchcraft" in this context can result in confusion with other, non-religious meanings of "witchcraft" as well as other religions—such as Satanism and Luciferianism—whose practitioners also sometimes describe themselves as "Witches". Many Wiccans also seek to cultivate a set of eight virtues mentioned in Doreen Valiente's Charge of the Goddess, [86] these being mirth, reverence, honour, humility, strength, beauty, power, and compassion. Characterised as an " invented tradition" by scholars, [163] Wicca was created from the patchwork adoption of various older elements, many taken from pre-existing religious and esoteric movements. Usually their knowledge is passed down through generations and each family may have their own traditions and belief system.For instance, after the anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann revealed information about what she learned as an initiate of a Wiccan coven in her academic study, various Wiccans were upset, believing that she had broken the oaths of secrecy taken at initiation. They focus on ceremonial magic or “high magic,” which often involves more elaborate or specific rituals than everyday magic. There are a multitude of different types of witches out there in the world and I'd like to give you an introduction to some of them.

In some covens a "dedication" ceremony may be performed during this period, some time before the initiation proper, allowing the person to attend certain rituals on a probationary basis. The 'witch-cult' theory had been first expressed by the German Professor Karl Ernest Jarcke in 1828, before being endorsed by German Franz Josef Mone and then the French historian Jules Michelet. There is also a common Wiccan belief that any Wiccans will come to be reincarnated as future Wiccans, an idea originally expressed by Gardner. Kitchen witches might prepare meals for specific holidays, purposes, or rituals to share with their community or coven. Simpson noted that the only contemporary member of the Folklore Society who took Murray's theory seriously was Gerald Gardner, who used it as the basis for Wicca.The idea that covens should have 13 members was developed by Murray, based on a single witness statement from one of the witch trials, as was her assertion that covens met on the four cross-quarter days.

If you chance upon a traditional witch, you are likely to learn a great deal about the history of their coven or culture. Based on their analysis of internet trends, the sociologists of religion Douglas Ezzy and Helen Berger argued that, by 2009, the "phenomenal growth" that Wicca has experienced in preceding years had slowed. From these humble beginnings, this radical religion spread to the United States, where it found a comfortable bedfellow in the form of the 1960s counter-culture and came to be championed by those sectors of the women's and gay liberation movements which were seeking a spiritual escape from Christian hegemony.For some Wiccans, the ritual space is a "space of resistance, in which the sexual morals of Christianity and patriarchy can be subverted", and for this reason they have adopted techniques from the BDSM subculture into their rituals. In his Book of Shadows, there are texts taken from various sources, including Charles Godfrey Leland's Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches (1899) and the works of 19th–20th century occultist Aleister Crowley, whom Gardner knew personally. In Wicca, denominations are referred to as traditions, [14] while non-Wiccans are often termed cowans.

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